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+ <div class="fr bread-menu"><img src="../images/home_icon.png"/>您所在位置：<a href="/">首页</a> > <a href="/list/news.html">新闻中心</a> > </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="inner-con det-con">
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+ <div class="det-tit">
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+ 企业必须构建双重预防机制，什么是双重预防机制？
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="det-tit2">
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="det-info">
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+ <span>
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+ 时间：2022-03-21 10:04:43
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+ </span>
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+ <span>
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+ 点击量：
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+ 408次
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+ </span>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="det-con">
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+ <section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center;"
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:=""
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+ break-word="">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); visibility: visible;">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ 9月1日新安法起生效，要求企业应构建双重预防机制
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ </section>
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+ <p data-track="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ </p>
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+ <p>
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+ <br>
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+ </p>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 2021年6月10日，第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议通过了《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改<中华人民共和国安全生产法>的决定》，双重预防机制被正式写入了修改后的《中华人民共和国安全生产法》。
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+ <!--中华人民共和国安全生产法-->
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+ <!--中华人民共和国安全生产法-->
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+ <!--中华人民共和国安全生产法-->
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+ <!--中华人民共和国安全生产法-->
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:=""
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+ break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 其中，第四条要求：“
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); visibility: visible;">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ 生产经营单位必须遵守本法和其他有关安全生产的法律、法规……构建安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防机制
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ ……”
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:=""
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+ break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 第二十一条要求：“生产经营单位的主要负责人对本单位安全生产工作负有下列职责：（五）组织建立并落实安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防工作机制，督促、检查本单位的安全生产工作，及时消除生产安全事故隐患；”
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:=""
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+ break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 第四十一条要求：“生产经营单位应当建立安全风险分级管控制度，按照安全风险分级采取相应的管控措施。生产经营单位应当建立健全并落实生产安全事故隐患排查治理制度，采取技术、管理措施，及时发现并消除事故隐患。”
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:=""
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+ break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 这表明，风险分级管控与隐患排查治理双重预防机制将长期开展下去，而且必须要认真、规范、科学地开展下去，这将是企业管控风险、消除隐患、保证安全生产的重要手段。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:=""
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+ break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); visibility: visible;">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ 一、什么是双重预防机制？
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:=""
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+ break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 在安委办〔2016〕3号文和安委办〔2016〕11号文中，已经非常明确地指出，
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ 双重预防机制就是安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理
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+ </strong>
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+ 。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:=""
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+ break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 安全风险分级管控，就是我们日常工作中的风险管理，包括危险源辨识、风险评价分级、风险管控，即辨识风险点有哪些危险物质及能量，在什么情况下可能发生什么事故，全面排查风险点的现有管控措施是否完好，运用风险评价准则对风险点的风险进行评价分级，然后由不同层级的人员对风险进行管控，保证风险点的安全管控措施完好。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 隐患排查治理就是对风险点的管控措施通过隐患排查等方式进行全面管控，及时发现风险点管控措施潜在的隐患，及时对隐患进行治理。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 那么
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 何为“双重预防”？把风险管控好，不让风险管控措施出现隐患，这是第一重“预防”；对风险管控措施出现的隐患及时发现及时治理，预防事故的发生，这就是第二重“预防”
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ 。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 安全风险分级管控与隐患排查治理二者之间又是什么关系呢？是并列的两项工作？是有先后顺序的两项工作？其实都不是。安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理是相互包含的关系：隐患排查治理包含于风险分级管控中。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 结合隐患的定义，能帮助我们更加清楚地理解风险分级管控与隐患排查治理的关系。《危险化学品企业安全风险隐患排查治理导则》（应急〔2019〕78号）中“隐患”的定义为：“对安全风险所采取的管控措施存在缺陷或缺失时就形成事故隐患”。及时发现并消除风险管控措施存在的隐患，保证风险的管控措施处于完好状态，就是对风险的管控。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 双重预防机制包括三个过程，同时这三个过程也是双重预防机制的三个具体目的。
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 第一个过程即第一个目的——“
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 辨识
|
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ ”，辨识风险点有哪些危险物质和能量（这是导致事故的根源），辨识这些根源在什么情况可能会导致什么事故。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 第二个过程即第二个目的——“
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 评价分级
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ ”，利用风险评价准则，评价风险点导致各类事故的可能性与严重程度，对风险进行评价分级。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 第三个过程即第三个目的是——“
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 管控
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ ”，即对风险的管控，把风险管控在可接受的范围内。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 在“评价分级”的过程中，包含了隐患排查的过程，即对风险点的现有管控措施进行全面排查：措施是否齐全、是否处于良好状态，如果风险现有管控措施有缺失或缺陷，即存在了隐患，可能会构成较大或重大风险，影响风险分级结果。在“风险管控”的过程中，包含了对第二个过程发现隐患的治理及对风险点现有管控措施的全面、持续的隐患排查，及时发现隐患及时治理，保证风险随时处于可接受的范围内。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p>
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+ <br>
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+ </p>
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+ <p style="text-align: center;"
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <img src="./images/16478284326132780.jpg" title="640.jpg"
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+ alt="640.jpg">
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+ </p>
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+ <p>
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+ <br>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 以上即为风险分级管控与隐患排查治理的关系：隐患排查治理包含于风险分级管控中，也可以这么理解：风险分级管控就是双重预防机制。
|
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+ </p>
|
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+ <p>
|
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+ <br>
|
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+ </p>
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+ <h1 data-track="21" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:=""
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+ text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" text-indent:="" box-sizing:=""
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+ border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </h1>
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+ <h1 data-track="21" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;"
|
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:=""
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+ text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" text-indent:="" box-sizing:=""
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+ border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 二、双重预防机制与安全生产标准化的关系
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|
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+ </span>
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+ </strong>
|
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+ </span>
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+ </h1>
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+ <p>
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+ <br>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
|
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
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+ 安全生产标准化与双重预防机制两者有什么关系呢？二者需要融合吗？双重预防机制能代替安全生产标准化吗？
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+ </strong>
|
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
|
|
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+ 我们先来回顾一下什么是双重预防机制。在《国务院安委会办公室关于印发标本兼治遏制重特大事故工作指南的通知》安委办〔2016〕3号文和《国务院安委会办公室关于实施遏制重特大事故工作指南构建双重预防机制的意见》安委办〔2016〕11号文中，已经非常明确地指出，双重预防机制包括安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理。安全风险分级管控，就是我们日常工作中的风险管理，包括危险源辨识、风险评价分级、风险管控。隐患排查治理就是对风险点的管控措施通过隐患排查等方式进行全面管控，及时发现风险点管控措施潜在的隐患，及时对隐患进行治理。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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|
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+ 我们再来看一下安全生产标准化有关文件中关于风险管理及隐患排查治理的有关要求。
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 《企业安全生产标准化基本规范》（GB/T33000-2016）中第5个核心要求“5.5安全风险管控及隐患排查治理”，恰恰是双重预防机制的内容。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
|
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 《危险化学品从业单位安全标准化通用规范》（AQ3013-2008）的“5.2 风险管理”中有“5.2.1 范围与评价方法”“5.2.2 风险评价”“5.2.3
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+ 风险控制”等风险管理要求；“5.2.4 隐患治理”“5.10.1 安全检查”“5.10.2 安全检查形式与内容”“5.10.3 整改”，即为隐患排查治理的要求。
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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|
|
+ 从以上两个规范可以明显看出，风险管理（即安全风险分级管控）与隐患排查治理是安全生产标准化的两个重要或核心要素，也就是说：
|
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
|
|
|
+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
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+ 双重预防机制是安全生产标准化的重要或核心要素
|
|
|
+ </strong>
|
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|
+ </span>
|
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|
+ 。某省市有关双重预防机制的文件中提到的“双重预防机制是企业安全生产标准化的重要组成部分”，给出了双重预防机制与安全生产标准化相对客观的关系定位。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 综上所述，双重预防机制与安全生产标准化不是并列的关系，二者也不是毫不相关的两项工作，双重预防机制更不是一项全新的工作。
|
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 双重预防机制是安全生产标准化的重要组成部分、是重要或核心要素；双重预防机制包含于安全生产标准化，更不可能代替安全生产标准化
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ 。所以也不存在“双重预防机制与安全生产标准化融合”这样的伪命题，二者本来就是一体的，根本不需要什么融合。
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 安全生产标准化是企业做好安全生产工作最基础、最全面的一个工具，双重预防机制则重点强调要做好安全生产标准化中的两个核心要素，风险分级管控和隐患排查治理对这两个要素进行了再细化、再严格、再科学的要求
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 。
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 所以，我们更要科学地推行双重预防机制，不需要企业抛开安全生产标准化再重新开展双重预防机制的重复性工作，
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 我们需要把原来安全生产标准化中的风险管理和隐患排查治理工作按要求再进一步细化、规范化
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+ </strong>
|
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+ </span>
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+ 。切不可人为地把工作复杂化、机械化、教条化，而导致企业做了大量工作而没有取得应有的效果，使工作流于形式。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 三、风险分级管控与隐患排查治理的关系
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 风险分级管控与隐患排查治理之间究竟是什么关系呢？二者是并列的吗？是相互递进的吗？其实都不是，二者是相互包容的关系：
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 隐患排查治理包含于风险分级管控。
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 风险分级管控的主要工作有：危险源辨识、风险评价、风险管控，其中核心工作是危险源辨识。那危险源辨识都辨识些什么呢？一是辨识风险点有什么危险物质和能量；二是辨识危险物质和能量现有哪些管控措施、管控措施是否完好，即是否存在隐患。对存在的隐患进行治理、确保管控措施有效，把风险管控在可接受的范围内，这就是风险管控。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p>
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+ <br>
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+ </p>
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+ <p style="text-align: center;"
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <img src="./images/16478284326132780.jpg" title="640 (2).jpg"
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+ alt="640 (2).jpg">
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+ </p>
|
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+ <p>
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+ <br>
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+ </p>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 四、风险与隐患的关系
|
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|
+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 风险与隐患也不是相对独立的关系，而是相互依存的动态关系。《危险化学品企业安全风险隐患排查治理导则》（应急〔2019〕78号）中对隐患的定义是：“对安全风险所采取的管控措施存在缺陷或缺失时就形成事故隐患”，即风险点的管控措施缺失或出现了缺陷，则形成了隐患，风险度相应会提高（发生事故的可能性及事故的严重程度分值均会升高）。如果隐患不能及时得以治理，则很可能会导致事故的发生；隐患得以治理，则风险度会随之降低。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 要准确理解“把安全风险管控挺在隐患前面，把隐患排查治理挺在事故前面”这句话。有企业认为：管控不好出现隐患后，则风险转变成了隐患，风险就不存在了。这是不对的。
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 风险与隐患不是递进和取代关系，风险管控不好，可能会出现隐患，但此时风险非但没有消失，反而变得更大，隐患不能及时得以治理，则很可能会发生事故。
|
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+ </strong>
|
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+ </span>
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+ 即从危险物质和能量存在，到事故发生的前一瞬间，无论管控措施是否存在隐患，风险都是存在的。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
|
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+ <p>
|
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|
+ <br>
|
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+ </p>
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+ <p style="text-align: center;"
|
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <img src="./images/16478285578465590.jpg" title="640 (1).jpg"
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+ alt="640 (1).jpg">
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+ </p>
|
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+ <p>
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+ <br>
|
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 五、将风险分为固有风险和现有风险进行管理
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 鉴于全国各地对于风险存在理解上的差异，建议将风险分为固有风险、现有风险两类，并采用不同的方法管理。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
|
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 关于“固有风险”
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+ </strong>
|
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+ </span>
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+ ，目前没有准确的术语解释，在有些文献资料中，固有风险也叫原始风险、初始风险、裸风险等，可以理解为因风险点的固有危险性而潜在的风险。比如某些单元构成了危险化学品重大危险源，涉及了重点监管的危险化工工艺，涉及剧毒化学品、易燃易爆介质等。固有风险重点关注的是单元的“根源”：有哪些危险物质和能量，而不考虑单元风险的各类管控措施。
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
|
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 对于固有风险的评价，目前一般有两种方法：一是直接判定，即列出各级风险（重大、较大、一般、低）的判定标准，按标准判定企业各单元的固有风险等级。目前大部分省市都采用了这种方法，也有省市只给出了重大、较大风险的直接判定标准。二是在JHA/SCL表中进行评价，即在同一个评价表中，会出现两次评价过程，第一次评价针对固有风险（即在不考虑风险点的现在管控措施的情况下可能潜在的风险），第二次评价针对现有风险。部分省市同时使用了这两种方法。
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
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+ </section>
|
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|
+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
|
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 关于“现有风险”
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ ，同样没有非常明确的定义或术语解释，有的资料将其称为剩余风险、残余风险或动态风险等，可以理解为考虑了现有管控措施的情况下，风险点潜在的风险。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 固有风险与现有风险的区别：
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 一是 “前”与“后”
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 。
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ “前”：固有风险是风险点未采取任何现有管控措施的情况下潜在的风险；“后”：现有风险是风险点采取了现有管控措施的情况下潜在的风险。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 二是“变”与“不变”
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ 。
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+ </span>
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+ “不变”：风险点的固有危险性（即所涉物质的性质和数量）一般是难以改变的，所以固有风险一般情况是不会变化的；“变”：现有风险一般情况是动态变化的，即风险点管控措施存在隐患，则风险度会升高，隐患得以治理，则风险度会随之降低。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 三是管控措施不同。
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ 对于固有风险，采用日常运行管控的方式，保证风险点的各项管控措施处于有效状态。日常运行管控主要包括：对设备设施的检查检测、隐患排查、培训、应急管理、人员防护等。对于现有风险，则分不同的情况。如果风险点的管控措施存在隐患，则应采取风险消减措施，治理隐患；如果风险点的管控措施无隐患（在现有认知的范围内），则同固有风险一样，采取日常运行管控的方式进行管控。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 四是风险点不同。
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+ </strong>
|
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+ </span>
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+ 固有风险一般针对单元（罐区、装置等），而现有风险一般针对作业活动、设备设施等。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
|
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+ <p>
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+ <br>
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+ </p>
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+ <p style="text-align: center;"
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <img src="./images/16478286047517195.png" title="640.png"
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+ alt="640.png">
|
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+ </p>
|
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+ <p>
|
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+ <br>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
|
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+ </section>
|
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
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+ 现有风险的“变”
|
|
|
+ </strong>
|
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
|
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
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+ </section>
|
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
|
|
|
+ 为什么要区分固有风险与现有风险？如前所述，目前全国无相对统一的风险管理标准，有的专家认为：高危企业必然存在重大风险、较大风险；而有的专家则认为：企业可以在某一阶段存在重大、较大风险，但必须采取风险消减措施，把风险度降低到可接受的范围内，即企业最后是不会存在重大、较大风险的。这两种观点看似截然相反，但究其实，却是因为从不同的角度考虑。前者考虑的是风险点的固有危险性（危险源的根源），即固有风险；后者考虑的是风险点管控措施的完好情况（危险源的状态），即现有风险。二者并不矛盾。所以，将风险分为固有风险、现有风险两类进行管理，可很好地解释不同专家的观点。
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
|
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+ </section>
|
|
|
+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
|
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 六、不可接受风险仅针对现有风险
|
|
|
+ </strong>
|
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+ </span>
|
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
|
|
|
+ 职业健康安全管理体系和《危险化学品企业安全风险隐患排查治理导则》（应急〔2019〕78号）均提到了“不可接受风险”，并要求采取措施将风险消减到可接受的范围内。于是，很多企业出现了这样的情况：将一些涉及危险化学品重大危险源、重点监管危险化工工艺的单元判定为了重大或较大风险（固有风险），然后把现有管控措施当作是风险消减措施列举出来，认为这样就把风险度降低到了可接受的范围内。这其实是把固有风险和现有风险混在一起去思考了，风险消减的想法是错误的。
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
|
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|
+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
|
|
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 不可接受风险是指现有风险中的重大、较大风险，而不是针对固有风险的。
|
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+ </strong>
|
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+ </span>
|
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+ 有人会有疑问：现有风险是指风险点在采取了现有各类管控措施情况潜在的风险，既然已经采取了各类管控措施，怎么可能还会有重大、较大风险？那是因为我们的认知不一定全面，依据有关文件要求，现有的管控措施可能还有欠缺；或者我们对于某些标准规范并没有熟练掌握，风险点实际缺少某些管控措施，但我们并不清楚；或者个别现有管控措施处于失效状态等。当这些情况存在时，风险点就可能构成了重大、较大风险，而且已经存在现实隐患了。
|
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
|
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+ </section>
|
|
|
+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
|
|
|
+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">
|
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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|
+ 七、四色风险分布图仅针对固有风险
|
|
|
+ </strong>
|
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+ </span>
|
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
|
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|
+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
|
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
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+ </section>
|
|
|
+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 目前，
|
|
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
|
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 大部分企业展示的风险分布图，均是针对固有风险，而不是针对现有风险
|
|
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+ </strong>
|
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+ </span>
|
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+ （因现有风险尤其是其中的重大、较大风险是有时效性的，一般仅会存在一段时间），即在企业的厂区平面布置图上，将各单元的固有风险分别以“红、橙、黄、蓝”四色进行标色。如果企业发生了重大变更等，可能会导致某些单元的固有危险性发生变化，此时风险分布四色图也会相应发生变化。
|
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+ </p>
|
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+ <section
|
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|
+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
|
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|
+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
|
|
|
+ 也有部分企业同时绘制了固有风险及现有风险分布图，固有风险分布图一般是“红、橙、黄、蓝”四色都有，而现有风险分布图则仅有“黄、蓝”两色，两个图并列一起，一目了然。
|
|
|
+ </p>
|
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|
+ <section
|
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|
+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
|
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+ </section>
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+ <p>
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+ <br>
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+ </p>
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+ <p style="text-align: center;"
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <img src="./images/16478286435329130.jpg" title="640 (3).jpg"
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+ alt="640 (3).jpg">
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+ </p>
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+ <p>
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+ <br>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 还有个别企业拟绘制风险分布立体四色图，即把厂房或生产装置每个楼层的不同单元区域分别标注相应的风险等级颜色。这个想法确实很好，使风险分布情况更加清晰，但在实际工作中，可操作性不是很强。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">
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+ <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ 八、关于风险分级管控与隐患排查治理的有机结合
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+ </strong>
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+ </span>
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 结合前文所述风险与隐患的关系，企业应对各风险点的现有管控措施通过隐患排查等形式进行管控。最理想的做法是在对风险分级管控的基础上，明确风险点及管控措施，列出详细的隐患排查清单，对风险点的各类管控措施进行隐患排查，确保管控措施有效。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 但实际操作中存在一些弊端：风险点多、管控措施多，定期全面进行详细排查工作量大，企业疲于填写大量的排查表，而实际可能并未开展排查，只是在应付填写排查表而已。同时，企业还要依据《危险化学品企业安全风险隐患排查治理导则》（应急〔2019〕78号）开展隐患排查，工作量大，且存在重复性工作。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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+ helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:=""
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+ letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" white-space:="" background-color:=""
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+ text-indent:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="">
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+ <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
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+ </section>
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+ <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
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+ 鉴于此，建议企业在做好《危险化学品企业安全风险隐患排查治理导则》（应急〔2019〕78号）要求的隐患排查的基础上，再逐步开展风险点管控措施的隐患排查。或者，企业可先不针对具体的作业活动、设备设施的管控措施进行排查，而是针对单元的管控措施进行排查，这样工作量相对较小，便于实际操作。风险单元隐患排查表可参考如下。
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+ </p>
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+ <section
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