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          企业必须构建双重预防机制，什么是双重预防机制？
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            时间：2022-03-21 10:04:43
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
                9月1日新安法起生效，要求企业应构建双重预防机制
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          <p data-track="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "
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          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            2021年6月10日，第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议通过了《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改&lt;中华人民共和国安全生产法&gt;的决定》，双重预防机制被正式写入了修改后的《中华人民共和国安全生产法》。
            <!--中华人民共和国安全生产法-->
            <!--中华人民共和国安全生产法-->
            <!--中华人民共和国安全生产法-->
            <!--中华人民共和国安全生产法-->
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          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            其中，第四条要求：“
            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); visibility: visible;">
              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
                生产经营单位必须遵守本法和其他有关安全生产的法律、法规……构建安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防机制
              </strong>
            </span>
            ……”
          </p>
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          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            第二十一条要求：“生产经营单位的主要负责人对本单位安全生产工作负有下列职责：（五）组织建立并落实安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防工作机制，督促、检查本单位的安全生产工作，及时消除生产安全事故隐患；”
          </p>
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            第四十一条要求：“生产经营单位应当建立安全风险分级管控制度，按照安全风险分级采取相应的管控措施。生产经营单位应当建立健全并落实生产安全事故隐患排查治理制度，采取技术、管理措施，及时发现并消除事故隐患。”
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          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            这表明，风险分级管控与隐患排查治理双重预防机制将长期开展下去，而且必须要认真、规范、科学地开展下去，这将是企业管控风险、消除隐患、保证安全生产的重要手段。
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
                一、什么是双重预防机制？
              </strong>
            </span>
          </p>
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          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            在安委办〔2016〕3号文和安委办〔2016〕11号文中，已经非常明确地指出，
            <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">
              双重预防机制就是安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理
            </strong>
            。
          </p>
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          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            安全风险分级管控，就是我们日常工作中的风险管理，包括危险源辨识、风险评价分级、风险管控，即辨识风险点有哪些危险物质及能量，在什么情况下可能发生什么事故，全面排查风险点的现有管控措施是否完好，运用风险评价准则对风险点的风险进行评价分级，然后由不同层级的人员对风险进行管控，保证风险点的安全管控措施完好。
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            隐患排查治理就是对风险点的管控措施通过隐患排查等方式进行全面管控，及时发现风险点管控措施潜在的隐患，及时对隐患进行治理。
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          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            那么
            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                何为“双重预防”？把风险管控好，不让风险管控措施出现隐患，这是第一重“预防”；对风险管控措施出现的隐患及时发现及时治理，预防事故的发生，这就是第二重“预防”
              </strong>
            </span>
            。
          </p>
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          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            安全风险分级管控与隐患排查治理二者之间又是什么关系呢？是并列的两项工作？是有先后顺序的两项工作？其实都不是。安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理是相互包含的关系：隐患排查治理包含于风险分级管控中。
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          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            结合隐患的定义，能帮助我们更加清楚地理解风险分级管控与隐患排查治理的关系。《危险化学品企业安全风险隐患排查治理导则》（应急〔2019〕78号）中“隐患”的定义为：“对安全风险所采取的管控措施存在缺陷或缺失时就形成事故隐患”。及时发现并消除风险管控措施存在的隐患，保证风险的管控措施处于完好状态，就是对风险的管控。
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                双重预防机制包括三个过程，同时这三个过程也是双重预防机制的三个具体目的。
              </strong>
            </span>
          </p>
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            第一个过程即第一个目的——“
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                辨识
              </strong>
            </span>
            ”，辨识风险点有哪些危险物质和能量（这是导致事故的根源），辨识这些根源在什么情况可能会导致什么事故。
          </p>
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            第二个过程即第二个目的——“
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                评价分级
              </strong>
            </span>
            ”，利用风险评价准则，评价风险点导致各类事故的可能性与严重程度，对风险进行评价分级。
          </p>
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            第三个过程即第三个目的是——“
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                管控
              </strong>
            </span>
            ”，即对风险的管控，把风险管控在可接受的范围内。
          </p>
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            在“评价分级”的过程中，包含了隐患排查的过程，即对风险点的现有管控措施进行全面排查：措施是否齐全、是否处于良好状态，如果风险现有管控措施有缺失或缺陷，即存在了隐患，可能会构成较大或重大风险，影响风险分级结果。在“风险管控”的过程中，包含了对第二个过程发现隐患的治理及对风险点现有管控措施的全面、持续的隐患排查，及时发现隐患及时治理，保证风险随时处于可接受的范围内。
          </p>
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          <p>
            <br>
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            <img src="./images/16478284326132780.jpg" title="640.jpg"
            alt="640.jpg">
          </p>
          <p>
            <br>
          </p>
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          </section>
          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            以上即为风险分级管控与隐患排查治理的关系：隐患排查治理包含于风险分级管控中，也可以这么理解：风险分级管控就是双重预防机制。
          </p>
          <p>
            <br>
          </p>
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          </h1>
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                <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                  二、双重预防机制与安全生产标准化的关系
                </span>
              </strong>
            </span>
          </h1>
          <p>
            <br>
          </p>
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            <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
              安全生产标准化与双重预防机制两者有什么关系呢？二者需要融合吗？双重预防机制能代替安全生产标准化吗？
            </strong>
          </p>
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            我们先来回顾一下什么是双重预防机制。在《国务院安委会办公室关于印发标本兼治遏制重特大事故工作指南的通知》安委办〔2016〕3号文和《国务院安委会办公室关于实施遏制重特大事故工作指南构建双重预防机制的意见》安委办〔2016〕11号文中，已经非常明确地指出，双重预防机制包括安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理。安全风险分级管控，就是我们日常工作中的风险管理，包括危险源辨识、风险评价分级、风险管控。隐患排查治理就是对风险点的管控措施通过隐患排查等方式进行全面管控，及时发现风险点管控措施潜在的隐患，及时对隐患进行治理。
          </p>
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            我们再来看一下安全生产标准化有关文件中关于风险管理及隐患排查治理的有关要求。
          </p>
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            《企业安全生产标准化基本规范》（GB/T33000-2016）中第5个核心要求“5.5安全风险管控及隐患排查治理”，恰恰是双重预防机制的内容。
          </p>
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            《危险化学品从业单位安全标准化通用规范》（AQ3013-2008）的“5.2 风险管理”中有“5.2.1 范围与评价方法”“5.2.2 风险评价”“5.2.3
            风险控制”等风险管理要求；“5.2.4 隐患治理”“5.10.1 安全检查”“5.10.2 安全检查形式与内容”“5.10.3 整改”，即为隐患排查治理的要求。
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            从以上两个规范可以明显看出，风险管理（即安全风险分级管控）与隐患排查治理是安全生产标准化的两个重要或核心要素，也就是说：
            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                双重预防机制是安全生产标准化的重要或核心要素
              </strong>
            </span>
            。某省市有关双重预防机制的文件中提到的“双重预防机制是企业安全生产标准化的重要组成部分”，给出了双重预防机制与安全生产标准化相对客观的关系定位。
          </p>
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            综上所述，双重预防机制与安全生产标准化不是并列的关系，二者也不是毫不相关的两项工作，双重预防机制更不是一项全新的工作。
            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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                双重预防机制是安全生产标准化的重要组成部分、是重要或核心要素；双重预防机制包含于安全生产标准化，更不可能代替安全生产标准化
              </strong>
            </span>
            。所以也不存在“双重预防机制与安全生产标准化融合”这样的伪命题，二者本来就是一体的，根本不需要什么融合。
            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                安全生产标准化是企业做好安全生产工作最基础、最全面的一个工具，双重预防机制则重点强调要做好安全生产标准化中的两个核心要素，风险分级管控和隐患排查治理对这两个要素进行了再细化、再严格、再科学的要求
              </strong>
            </span>
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                。
              </strong>
            </span>
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            所以，我们更要科学地推行双重预防机制，不需要企业抛开安全生产标准化再重新开展双重预防机制的重复性工作，
            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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                我们需要把原来安全生产标准化中的风险管理和隐患排查治理工作按要求再进一步细化、规范化
              </strong>
            </span>
            。切不可人为地把工作复杂化、机械化、教条化，而导致企业做了大量工作而没有取得应有的效果，使工作流于形式。
          </p>
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                三、风险分级管控与隐患排查治理的关系
              </strong>
            </span>
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          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            风险分级管控与隐患排查治理之间究竟是什么关系呢？二者是并列的吗？是相互递进的吗？其实都不是，二者是相互包容的关系：
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                隐患排查治理包含于风险分级管控。
              </strong>
            </span>
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            风险分级管控的主要工作有：危险源辨识、风险评价、风险管控，其中核心工作是危险源辨识。那危险源辨识都辨识些什么呢？一是辨识风险点有什么危险物质和能量；二是辨识危险物质和能量现有哪些管控措施、管控措施是否完好，即是否存在隐患。对存在的隐患进行治理、确保管控措施有效，把风险管控在可接受的范围内，这就是风险管控。
          </p>
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            <br>
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                四、风险与隐患的关系
              </strong>
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            风险与隐患也不是相对独立的关系，而是相互依存的动态关系。《危险化学品企业安全风险隐患排查治理导则》（应急〔2019〕78号）中对隐患的定义是：“对安全风险所采取的管控措施存在缺陷或缺失时就形成事故隐患”，即风险点的管控措施缺失或出现了缺陷，则形成了隐患，风险度相应会提高（发生事故的可能性及事故的严重程度分值均会升高）。如果隐患不能及时得以治理，则很可能会导致事故的发生；隐患得以治理，则风险度会随之降低。
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            要准确理解“把安全风险管控挺在隐患前面，把隐患排查治理挺在事故前面”这句话。有企业认为：管控不好出现隐患后，则风险转变成了隐患，风险就不存在了。这是不对的。
            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
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                风险与隐患不是递进和取代关系，风险管控不好，可能会出现隐患，但此时风险非但没有消失，反而变得更大，隐患不能及时得以治理，则很可能会发生事故。
              </strong>
            </span>
            即从危险物质和能量存在，到事故发生的前一瞬间，无论管控措施是否存在隐患，风险都是存在的。
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                五、将风险分为固有风险和现有风险进行管理
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            鉴于全国各地对于风险存在理解上的差异，建议将风险分为固有风险、现有风险两类，并采用不同的方法管理。
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                关于“固有风险”
              </strong>
            </span>
            ，目前没有准确的术语解释，在有些文献资料中，固有风险也叫原始风险、初始风险、裸风险等，可以理解为因风险点的固有危险性而潜在的风险。比如某些单元构成了危险化学品重大危险源，涉及了重点监管的危险化工工艺，涉及剧毒化学品、易燃易爆介质等。固有风险重点关注的是单元的“根源”：有哪些危险物质和能量，而不考虑单元风险的各类管控措施。
          </p>
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            对于固有风险的评价，目前一般有两种方法：一是直接判定，即列出各级风险（重大、较大、一般、低）的判定标准，按标准判定企业各单元的固有风险等级。目前大部分省市都采用了这种方法，也有省市只给出了重大、较大风险的直接判定标准。二是在JHA/SCL表中进行评价，即在同一个评价表中，会出现两次评价过程，第一次评价针对固有风险（即在不考虑风险点的现在管控措施的情况下可能潜在的风险），第二次评价针对现有风险。部分省市同时使用了这两种方法。
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                关于“现有风险”
              </strong>
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            ，同样没有非常明确的定义或术语解释，有的资料将其称为剩余风险、残余风险或动态风险等，可以理解为考虑了现有管控措施的情况下，风险点潜在的风险。
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            固有风险与现有风险的区别：
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                一是 “前”与“后”
              </strong>
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                。
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            “前”：固有风险是风险点未采取任何现有管控措施的情况下潜在的风险；“后”：现有风险是风险点采取了现有管控措施的情况下潜在的风险。
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                二是“变”与“不变”
              </strong>
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              。
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            “不变”：风险点的固有危险性（即所涉物质的性质和数量）一般是难以改变的，所以固有风险一般情况是不会变化的；“变”：现有风险一般情况是动态变化的，即风险点管控措施存在隐患，则风险度会升高，隐患得以治理，则风险度会随之降低。
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              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                三是管控措施不同。
              </strong>
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            对于固有风险，采用日常运行管控的方式，保证风险点的各项管控措施处于有效状态。日常运行管控主要包括：对设备设施的检查检测、隐患排查、培训、应急管理、人员防护等。对于现有风险，则分不同的情况。如果风险点的管控措施存在隐患，则应采取风险消减措施，治理隐患；如果风险点的管控措施无隐患（在现有认知的范围内），则同固有风险一样，采取日常运行管控的方式进行管控。
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                四是风险点不同。
              </strong>
            </span>
            固有风险一般针对单元（罐区、装置等），而现有风险一般针对作业活动、设备设施等。
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            <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
              现有风险的“变”
            </strong>
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            为什么要区分固有风险与现有风险？如前所述，目前全国无相对统一的风险管理标准，有的专家认为：高危企业必然存在重大风险、较大风险；而有的专家则认为：企业可以在某一阶段存在重大、较大风险，但必须采取风险消减措施，把风险度降低到可接受的范围内，即企业最后是不会存在重大、较大风险的。这两种观点看似截然相反，但究其实，却是因为从不同的角度考虑。前者考虑的是风险点的固有危险性（危险源的根源），即固有风险；后者考虑的是风险点管控措施的完好情况（危险源的状态），即现有风险。二者并不矛盾。所以，将风险分为固有风险、现有风险两类进行管理，可很好地解释不同专家的观点。
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                六、不可接受风险仅针对现有风险
              </strong>
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            职业健康安全管理体系和《危险化学品企业安全风险隐患排查治理导则》（应急〔2019〕78号）均提到了“不可接受风险”，并要求采取措施将风险消减到可接受的范围内。于是，很多企业出现了这样的情况：将一些涉及危险化学品重大危险源、重点监管危险化工工艺的单元判定为了重大或较大风险（固有风险），然后把现有管控措施当作是风险消减措施列举出来，认为这样就把风险度降低到了可接受的范围内。这其实是把固有风险和现有风险混在一起去思考了，风险消减的想法是错误的。
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            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                不可接受风险是指现有风险中的重大、较大风险，而不是针对固有风险的。
              </strong>
            </span>
            有人会有疑问：现有风险是指风险点在采取了现有各类管控措施情况潜在的风险，既然已经采取了各类管控措施，怎么可能还会有重大、较大风险？那是因为我们的认知不一定全面，依据有关文件要求，现有的管控措施可能还有欠缺；或者我们对于某些标准规范并没有熟练掌握，风险点实际缺少某些管控措施，但我们并不清楚；或者个别现有管控措施处于失效状态等。当这些情况存在时，风险点就可能构成了重大、较大风险，而且已经存在现实隐患了。
          </p>
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            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">
              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                七、四色风险分布图仅针对固有风险
              </strong>
            </span>
          </p>
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          </section>
          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            目前，
            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">
              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                大部分企业展示的风险分布图，均是针对固有风险，而不是针对现有风险
              </strong>
            </span>
            （因现有风险尤其是其中的重大、较大风险是有时效性的，一般仅会存在一段时间），即在企业的厂区平面布置图上，将各单元的固有风险分别以“红、橙、黄、蓝”四色进行标色。如果企业发生了重大变更等，可能会导致某些单元的固有危险性发生变化，此时风险分布四色图也会相应发生变化。
          </p>
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          </section>
          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            也有部分企业同时绘制了固有风险及现有风险分布图，固有风险分布图一般是“红、橙、黄、蓝”四色都有，而现有风险分布图则仅有“黄、蓝”两色，两个图并列一起，一目了然。
          </p>
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          </section>
          <p>
            <br>
          </p>
          <p style="text-align: center;"
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            <img src="./images/16478286435329130.jpg" title="640 (3).jpg"
            alt="640 (3).jpg">
          </p>
          <p>
            <br>
          </p>
          <section 
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          </section>
          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            还有个别企业拟绘制风险分布立体四色图，即把厂房或生产装置每个楼层的不同单元区域分别标注相应的风险等级颜色。这个想法确实很好，使风险分布情况更加清晰，但在实际工作中，可操作性不是很强。
          </p>
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          </section>
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            <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">
              <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">
                八、关于风险分级管控与隐患排查治理的有机结合
              </strong>
            </span>
          </p>
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          </section>
          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            结合前文所述风险与隐患的关系，企业应对各风险点的现有管控措施通过隐患排查等形式进行管控。最理想的做法是在对风险分级管控的基础上，明确风险点及管控措施，列出详细的隐患排查清单，对风险点的各类管控措施进行隐患排查，确保管控措施有效。
          </p>
          <section 
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          </section>
          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            但实际操作中存在一些弊端：风险点多、管控措施多，定期全面进行详细排查工作量大，企业疲于填写大量的排查表，而实际可能并未开展排查，只是在应付填写排查表而已。同时，企业还要依据《危险化学品企业安全风险隐患排查治理导则》（应急〔2019〕78号）开展隐患排查，工作量大，且存在重复性工作。
          </p>
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          </section>
          <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; text-indent: 2em;">
            鉴于此，建议企业在做好《危险化学品企业安全风险隐患排查治理导则》（应急〔2019〕78号）要求的隐患排查的基础上，再逐步开展风险点管控措施的隐患排查。或者，企业可先不针对具体的作业活动、设备设施的管控措施进行排查，而是针对单元的管控措施进行排查，这样工作量相对较小，便于实际操作。风险单元隐患排查表可参考如下。
          </p>
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            <img src="./images/16478286787064146.jpg" title="640 (4).jpg"
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